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iron puddler
An iron puddler or (often merely puddler) is an occupation involved in the manufacture of iron. The process of puddling was the occupation's chief responsibility and involvement. Puddling was an improved process to convert pig iron into wrought iron with the use of a reverberatory furnace.
Working as a two man crew, a puddler and helper could produce about 1500 kg of iron in a 12-hour shift.〔McNeil, Ian (1990). An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology. London: Routledge. p. 165. ISBN 0415147921.〕 The strenuous labor, heat and fumes caused puddlers to have a very short life expectancy, with most dying in their 30s.〔Landes, David. S. (1969). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge, New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. p. 218. ISBN 0-521-09418-6.〕 Puddling was never able to be automated because the puddler had to sense when the balls had "come to nature."
James J. Davis, who was born in Tredegar, Wales, emigrated to The United States of America where he later became a prominent figure in government. His book, ''The Iron Puddler'', describing his early experiences as a puddler was ghostwritten by C. L. Edson.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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